College of Education, Samarra University discussed a Ph.D. thesis on the morphological and molecular detection of efflux systems in E. coli bacteria and the effect of biosynthesized zinc nanoparticles on the expression of their encoded genes by the postgraduate student, Ms. Hanin Khalid Naji.

The dissertation highlighted isolating and identifying E. coli bacteria from various clinical and environmental samples, examining their ability to produce certain virulent factors, including biofilm and investigating the presence of efflux pump systems that led to the emergence of resistance in the isolated strains.

The thesis reviewed the effect of certain efflux pump inhibitors on E. coli bacteria through isolation and identification from clinical samples of hospitalized patients and private clinics, as well as environmental samples taken from wastewater, ponds, and reservoirs. It also examined the sensitivity of E. coli bacteria to certain types of antibiotics.

The thesis confirmed the widespread presence and contamination of clinical and environmental samples with E. coli bacteria. Furthermore, the E. coli isolates exhibited high resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics and the most effective antibiotics against the studied isolates were found to be Fosfomycin and meropenem.